![]() After stratifying by bullying roles, defending behaviors were positively associated with social anxiety in bystanders, and were positively associated with depressive symptoms in victims and bystanders. Defending behaviors were positively associated with social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Resultsĭefending behaviors were associated with bullying roles and were higher in victims than in bullies or bystanders. ![]() SAS 9.3 Survey Analysis procedures were used to conduct descriptive analysis and multiple regression models. MethodsĪssociations among defending behaviors, mental health (including depressive symptoms and social anxiety), and bullying experiences were cross-sectionally examined in 3441 students (13–15 years old.) from 20 randomly selected junior high schools in Taiwan using a self-report questionnaire. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between defending behaviors and mental health among bullies, victims, bully-victims and bystanders. Nevertheless, most studies of defending behaviors have been limited to an examination of the reactions of bystanders or those not involved in bullying and have ignored the other players. It is not only bystanders who may defend victims, but bullies, victims and bully-victims can also have defending behaviors. However, defending victims of bullying can impact on mental health. Students should be encouraged to help prevent or stop bullying.
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